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Upozornenie

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Upozornenie

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Level measurement - pool hydraulics

The term 'pool hydraulics' refers to the water circulation system in swimming pools. Good pool hydraulics guarantee the proper distribution of disinfectants. Hydraulics does not only include the economical skimmer system to remove water from the surface, but also the more effective overflow system in swimming pools. From this overflow system, the water is led by water jets over the edge of the pool into an overflow channel, from where it enters the overflow tank. This tank is designed in such a way that when the pool is in use, the tank can contain the amount of water being moved. When the pool is not in use, it has enough water stored for back washing. To prevent the filter pump in the backwash tank from running dry, there is always a level measurement in these tanks. This measure ensures that fresh water is added to the pool when there is too little water in it due to backwashing. Level measurement also activates the pump if there is too much water in the overflow tank. Level measurement can take place hydrostatically. Here the water is put under pressure. The higher the pressure, the higher the water level. This measurement is done with level sensors. JUMO has a wide range of level sensors in plastic and stainless steel with various connections and wiring options.

WATER - nature's finest

Welcome to the world of water from JUMO

Drinking water

In the Netherlands, an average of 123 litres of water is consumed per person per day (2017). This water is mainly used for showering, using the toilet and washing clothes. In total, 1.1 trillion (or 1,100,000,000) litres are consumed per year in the Netherlands (2007). Households account for 0.8 trillion litres of this, the rest is used by industry, agriculture and so on. Although there is generally sufficient water, the government is trying to reduce water consumption in order to protect the environment.

To obtain clean water, various disciplines work together. Not only in the field of drinking water, but also in the field of process water for industry, several parties work together. You can read here what is involved in the creation of drinking water, swimming pool water, pure water, cooling water and waste water. JUMO has been a reliable partner for water treatment for decades.

Water - The most important source of nutrition

Drinking water is the most important food source on earth, but where does our drinking water actually come from? In the Netherlands, water is produced all over the country by various water companies.

The treatment of our drinking water originates in spring water, surface water and groundwater. Spring water refers to water that comes from underground water sources from the earth. Surface water is extracted from standing or flowing bodies of water above the ground. Dam reservoir water, lakes and rivers are three types of surface water. Groundwater is part of the earth's natural water cycle. It is mainly produced by rainwater penetrating the soil and seeping into the aquifer. Before groundwater becomes drinking water, a number of important processing steps have to be carried out.

Saltwater

Desalination of water

According to UNESCO, drinking water supply is a major problem in many parts of the world and 97.5% of the water on our planet is salty. Because drinking water is limited, salty seawater is one of the main sources of our drinking water. Seawater desalination is the process of extracting salt from seawater for drinking and process water. An important element in seawater distillation plants is the reverse osmosis unit.

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During reverse osmosis, seawater is passed through a semi-permeable membrane under high pressure. This membrane acts as a filter and only specific ions and molecules are able to pass through it. Because seawater has such a high salt content, a pressure of 60 to 80 bar is required. To ensure that this process is safe, the pressure must be monitored. JUMO has been supplying reliable pressure sensors for this application for many years.

Swimming water

Clean pool water

Swimming is a popular pastime and a healthy activity - at least as long as the water is clean. To ensure water quality in swimming pools, continuous monitoring and inspection takes place. Various cleaning methods focus on keeping water clean by killing and reducing microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. The measurement of various quantities during this process is very important, and it goes without saying that the concentration of cleaning agents must be accurately determined. JUMO's many years of experience in the water industry have resulted in a wide range of measuring and control equipment for every application in water treatment. The most important parameter to measure in pool water is pH. The optimal pH value for pool water is between 7.2 and 7.8 pH. pH values that are too low cause problems. For example with regard to the occurrence of corrosion and skin/eye irritations.

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Cleaning process for swimming pool water - flocculation

Solids can be dispersed into the swimming pool water in various forms. The nature of such dispersions depends on the size of the particles. In general, it is possible to remove these floating or suspended solids (up to 0.001 mm in size) from swimming pool water with effective filter systems. Every swimmer brings colloidal pollutants into the pool water, such as bacteria, germs, cosmetic residues, etc. These substances, with a size between 0.1 and 0.001 micrometer, are spread in the pool water during swimming and are not directly visible to the human eye. Such contaminations can become visible when there are spotlights installed in the pool in the form of turbid water. Even highly effective filter technology cannot completely remove this contamination, which can lead to an increase in bound chlorine. This can lead to an organic overload in the pool. By using flocculants or flocculants, the dirt particles will clump together into larger flakes, so that they are large enough to be caught by the filter system. Aluminium and iron salts are often used in a flocculant so that the insoluble aluminium hydroxide forms a floc that will precipitate out, removing the colloidal particles from the wastewater.

Pool water cleaning unit

Pool water cleaning unit

Swimmingwater

Use of flocculants

Using flocculants will cause the dirt particles to clump together into larger flocs, large enough to be collected by the filtration system. Aluminium and iron salts are often used in a flocculant so that the insoluble aluminium hydroxide forms a floc that will precipitate, removing the colloidal particles from the wastewater.

Cleaning process pool water - disinfection

The main purpose of this treatment is to kill or reduce the number of micro-organisms living in the water (bacteria, viruses, etc.). This process is called disinfection or sterilisation. The addition of chlorine, or chlorination, is the most common way to disinfect water. In practice, it is common to first prepare a solution of water containing chlorine gas or hyprochlorite, and then add a suitable quantity of this solution to the water to be disinfected.

During the treatment of the water, the goal is to form as few undesired by-products as possible during disinfection. To a certain extent, this can be influenced by controlling the conditions (amount of chlorine, temperature, pH value) at the time of disinfection.

Control of Dutch swimming pool water

All swimming pools in the Netherlands are strictly monitored for water quality. The National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has laid down these rules in the Swimming Facilities Hygiene and Safety Act and Decree (Whvbz and Bhvbz).

Level measurement - pool hydraulics

The term 'pool hydraulics' refers to the water circulation system in swimming pools. Good pool hydraulics guarantee the proper distribution of disinfectants. Hydraulics does not only include the economical skimmer system to remove water from the surface, but also the more effective overflow system in swimming pools. From this overflow system, the water is led by water jets over the edge of the pool into an overflow channel, from where it enters the overflow tank. This tank is designed in such a way that when the pool is in use, the tank can contain the amount of water being moved. When the pool is not in use, it has enough water stored for back washing. To prevent the filter pump in the backwash tank from running dry, there is always a level measurement in these tanks. This measure ensures that fresh water is added to the pool when there is too little water in it due to backwashing. Level measurement also activates the pump if there is too much water in the overflow tank. Level measurement can take place hydrostatically. Here the water is put under pressure. The higher the pressure, the higher the water level. This measurement is done with level sensors. JUMO has a wide range of level sensors in plastic and stainless steel with various connections and wiring options.

JUMO MAERA level sensors

JUMO MAERA level sensors

Level measurement

Sensors for water level monitoring

To prevent the filter pump in the backwash water tank from running dry, these tanks are always level measured. This measure adds fresh water to the pool when there is too little water in it due to backwashing. Level measurement also activates the pump if there is too much water in the overflow tank. Level measurement can take place hydrostatically. Here the water is put under pressure. The higher the pressure, the higher the water level. This measurement is done with level sensors. JUMO has a wide range of level sensors in synthetic construction and stainless steel with various connections and wiring options.

순수

지속적으로 높은 제품 가치

순수는 고도로 정제된 물이며 다양한 생산 공정에서 필요합니다.

예를 들어, 반도체 산업에서 세척제로 사용되거나 식품 산업에서 세척제로 실제 세척 후 세척 작업으로, 제약 산업에서 세척 및 희석 목적으로 사용 .

순수에서 pH 측정

일부 애플리케이션에서는 순수한 물에서의 pH 측정이 필수입니다. 그러나 순수한 물의 낮은 전도도와 이온 강도는 pH 값을 측정하는 데 기술적인 문제를 야기합니다. 솔루션은 KCl 스톡이 포함된 JUMO의 리필 가능한 전극입니다.

전도도 측정

전도도 측정을 사용하여 순수한 물의 수질을 모니터링하는 것이 가장 신뢰할 수 있는 방법입니다. 완전한 전도도 측정 체인은 순수 트랜스미터/컨트롤러, 통합 온도 센서가 있는 전도도 센서 및 연결 케이블로 구성됩니다. JUMO는 전도도 측정을 위한 디지털 기술을 보유하고 있습니다.

당사의 순수 제품을 사용하면 정확한 셀 상수 표시, ASTMD 1125-95에 따른 온도 보상 및 USP(물 전도도 <456>)에 따른 한계값 모니터링 옵션이 있습니다.

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Pure water in the pharmacy

The manufacture of pure water is one of the most important processes in the pharmaceutical industry. Without it, the production of most substances is impossible, as pure water is a prerequisite for ensuring the highest product quality standards. The quality of highly purified water (pure water, high purity water, water for injections, etc.) is described in various standards and recommendations, such as ASTM International (American Society For Testing and Materials), EP (Pharmacopoea Europaea, Ph. Eur.), USP (United States Pharmacopeia), and DIN or ISO standard.

Pure water as cleaning product

Pure water is required in a wide range of production processes, such as a cleaning agent in the semiconductor industry, as a cleaning agent after the actual washing with cleaning agent in the food industry and for cleaning and dilution purposes in the pharmaceutical industry. Depending on the demand for pure water, process steps both upstream and downstream need to be identified. Common production processes include reverse osmosis, ion exchangers, ultrafiltration and electrochemical deionisation. Ion exchangers contain moving ions. The chemical composition allows for exchange with similarly charged particles. Ultrafiltration is a typical membrane process. The membrane pores are very large for ultrafiltration. Particles larger than the openings in the membrane are thus separated. Electrochemical deionisation is another technique for creating pure water. when a voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, the anions and cations combine and the resulting ions are removed from the water stream by ion exchangers. In an electrical system with two poles or electrodes, we speak of cathode for the pole into which the electrons go. The opposite pole or electrode is called the anode.

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Membrane

Pure Water

Ultrafiltration membrane process

Ultrafiltration is a typical membrane process. The membrane pores are very large for ultrafiltration. Particles larger than the openings in the membrane are thus separated. Electrochemical deionisation is another technique for creating pure water. when a voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, the anions and cations combine and the resulting ions are removed from the water stream by ion exchangers. In an electrical system with two poles or electrodes, we speak of cathode for the pole into which the electrons go. The opposite pole or electrode is called the anode.

Cooling water

Keep it cool

Heat must be dissipated in many industrial plants. Water can be used for this purpose. So-called cooling water is used as a heat carrier and can be applied in various ways. For example, in air-conditioning installations, cylinder coolers of machines, condensation cooling, cooling of steel melting furnaces and as cooling of reactors in the chemical industry.

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Monitoring water quality

Wherever water or aqueous solutions are used as a refrigerant or additive for cooling, it is useful to check the water quality. This is because the cooling capacity of water can decrease due to evaporation or pollution. Evaporation or fouling will increase the concentration of salts and solids in the water, which will increase the conductivity. Therefore, it is important that cooling towers have relevant conductivity measurements. Disinfection The water circulation in a cooling tower must be treated with suitable disinfectants. The use of ozone (O3) is an alternative to disinfection. Ozone production is monitored and controlled via the redox potential of the cooling water. To measure the redox potential in ozone-bearing water, we recommend the use of JUMO electrodes with a gold head as active part. The JUMO dTRANS pH 02 can be used, for example, as an indicator and regulator. The inductive measurement method of the JUMO CTI-500 conductivity transmitter enables reliable monitoring of the cooling water in cooling towers. In addition, the individual sensor can be easily integrated into existing systems without any problems. In addition to analog technology, digital measurement technology is also available from JUMO.

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Cooling water

Measurement of redox potential

The use of ozone (O3) is an alternative to disinfection. Ozone production is monitored and controlled via the redox potential of the cooling water. To measure the redox potential in ozone-bearing water, we recommend the use of JUMO electrodes with a gold head as active part. The JUMO dTRANS pH 02 can be used as indicator and regulator, for example. The inductive measuring method of the JUMO CTI-500 conductivity transmitter enables reliable monitoring of the cooling water in cooling towers.

Wastewater

Industrial wastewater

In order to maintain a healthy water cycle, wastewater must be treated before it can rejoin the process or be discharged into nature. There are two types of wastewater, one from industry and the other from households. On the basis of the Environmental Management Act, every municipality in the Netherlands is obliged to collect waste water from within its boundaries via the sewerage system. This water must then be offered for treatment at the sewage treatment plant. Under the Environmental Management Act, all water that is no longer usable by the user is actually waste water. This means that cooling water is also considered waste water and must therefore be purified. The purification of waste and sewage water takes place in so-called treatment plants. A purification installation imitates the natural process in the waste water cycle. The organisms in the treatment plant take care of the decomposition of waste substances and can carry out their work in ideal conditions. Wastewater treatment is a biological process that is optimized by mechanical processes. For this application, JUMO has an extensive range of measuring and control equipment. Industrial Wastewater Industrial wastewater refers to wastewater generated by industrial production processes. For example, in the food, paper, chemical, textile and metal industries. The composition of industrial wastewater can vary strongly depending on the branch of industry. Wastewater from the paper processing industry, for instance, contains organic components that are not easily degradable. In metal processing, we find oil, grease and heavy metals. Industrial waste water must be cleaned before discharge. The treated water can be returned to the production process or discharged into the sewer.

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Wastewater

Municipal wastewater

Wastewater is treated in sewage treatment plants. Biological, chemical and mechanical processes are applied here. Most of the clogging material is caught by the mechanical sieve system. Heavy material such as sand that is carried along is discharged here. The last station of the mechanical treatment phase is the primary sedimentation tank. All lighter materials that are still in the wastewater and that have not been removed in the grit chamber descend to the bottom of this tank and form so-called crude sludge.While the pre-treated water is led to the aeration tank, the crude sludge is transported to the digesters. The biological treatment of the waste water takes place in the aeration tank. Before entering the tank, the waste water is mixed with activated sludge. This sludge contains countless micro-organisms (such as bacteria) that dissolve the colloid, the organic contamination in the wastewater. The activated sludge settles in the secondary settling tank and collects at the bottom. The collected sludge is removed and returned to the aeration tank or to the digester. The digestion process is the final step of the biological treatment phase. Stabilisation refers to the most advanced anaerobic degradation of organic compounds using specific bacteria. These bacteria convert the organic components of the anaerobically digested sludge into biogas.

Waste water from galvanising processes

In a galvanising bath, objects made of base metals such as zinc or iron receive a protective finish. The coating may consist of chemical elements such as copper and nickel. The first wastewater treatment phase for this type of water is detoxification of cyanide and chromate. Detoxification takes place in a continuous flow system. Once this step has been taken, the next phase in the purification process takes place; neutralisation of precipitation, removal of precipitation products and removal of the sludge. The cleaned wastewater can now be discharged to the sewer.

pH measurement in electroplating installations

A pH value of at least 10 is required for cyanide detoxification. Chromate is removed from wastewater in the acidic range. Here pH measurement is used to monitor the electroplating baths and the detoxification process. JUMO has reliable equipment in its range for carrying out this precise task.



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